@PhDThesis{Leal:2016:CoCiHi,
author = "Leal, Karinne Reis Deusdar{\'a}",
title = "Componentes do ciclo hidrol{\'o}gico e ciclagem de nutrientes na
interface atmosfera-planta-solo no semi{\'a}rido brasileiro",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2016",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2016-05-20",
keywords = "caatinga, precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o efetiva, nitrog{\^e}nio,
deposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o atmosf{\'e}rica, transfer{\^e}ncia de
nutrientes, effective rainfall, nitrogen, atmospheric deposition,
nutrient transfer.",
abstract = "Este estudo foi realizado para caracterizar e quantificar as
transfer{\^e}ncias de {\'a}gua e de nutrientes, em
solu{\c{c}}{\~a}o, entre os compartimentos atmosfera, planta e
solo, em dois ambientes, um ambiente com vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
t{\'{\i}}pica de caatinga e outro com pastagem. Foi considerada
tamb{\'e}m a influ{\^e}ncia das precipita{\c{c}}{\~o}es nestas
transfer{\^e}ncias. Amostras de {\'a}gua foram coletadas para
medir a precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, transprecipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o,
escoamento pelos troncos, escoamento superficial e
percola{\c{c}}{\~a}o no solo, durante dois per{\'{\i}}odos
chuvosos com diferentes quantidades de precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o
sendo que em 2012 ocorreu uma seca intensa em toda a regi{\~a}o
nordeste e, em 2013, as precipita{\c{c}}{\~o}es foram de acordo
com a m{\'e}dia hist{\'o}rica. As amostras foram analisadas
quanto aos principais {\'{\i}}ons inorg{\^a}nicos (H\$^{+}\$,
Na\$^{+}\$, NH\$_{4}\$\$^{+}\$, K\$^{+}\$, Ca\$^{2+}\$,
Mg\$^{2+}\$, Cl\$^{-}\$, NO\$_{3}\$\$^{-}\$, e
SO\$_{4}\$\$^{2-}\$). Obteve-se que a
intercepta{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi de 29\% e 22\%, a
transprecipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi de 70\% e 76\%, e o escoamento
pelos troncos foi de 1,0\% e 1,1\%, para os per{\'{\i}}odos
chuvosos 2012 e 2013, respectivamente. O escoamento superficial
foi menor que 1\% da precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o para ambos os
per{\'{\i}}odos e ambientes de estudo e n{\~a}o foi observada
diferen{\c{c}}a entre o escoamento da {\'a}rea com
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o de caatinga e da pastagem. A
percola{\c{c}}{\~a}o atrav{\'e}s do solo na {\'a}rea com
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o de caatinga foi menor que na {\'a}rea da
pastagem, apesar de ambas representarem menos de 5\% da
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o. O conte{\'u}do i{\^o}nico total da
{\'a}gua de chuva sugere uma forte contribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o
marinha. Na transprecipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi observado o
empobrecimento para o Ca\$^{2+}\$, Mg\$^{2+}\$,
SO\$_{4}\$\$^{2}\$- e H\$^{+}\$, enriquecimento para
Na\$^{+}\$ e Cl\$^{-}\$. Para as esp{\'e}cies nitrogenadas
n{\~a}o foram observadas diferen{\c{c}}as significativas em
rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\`a} precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o (exceto
NH\$_{4}\$\$^{+}\$ para 2012). Com rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o ao
escoamento pelos troncos, foi observado o enriquecimento da
maioria dos nutrientes em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\`a}
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, exceto para SO\$_{4}\$\$^{2}\$- e
H\$^{+}\$. Apesar das altas concentra{\c{c}}{\~o}es no
escoamento pelos troncos, sua deposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o mostrou-se
baixa devido ao seu baixo fluxo. Neste sentido, {\'e}
poss{\'{\i}}vel inferir que mudan{\c{c}}as no uso e
ocupa{\c{c}}{\~a}o do solo podem alterar a produtividade do
ecossistema ao perturbar os mecanismos de conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o
dos nutrientes pelo dossel. Os resultados s{\~a}o importantes
para a compreens{\~a}o da parti{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o realizada pela vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
caatinga, bem como a influ{\^e}ncia deste tipo de cobertura nos
componentes hidrol{\'o}gicos no solo e na ciclagem de nutrientes
para esta regi{\~a}o pouco estudada. ABSTRACT: This study was
conducted in order to characterize and quantify the water and
nutrients transfers between the atmosphere, plant and soil
compartments considering two environments, one covered with
typical vegetation of Caatinga and another covered with pasture.
It was also considered the influence of rainfall on these
transfers. Water samples were collected to measure the
precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, runoff and percolation,
during two wet seasons, one during an extremely dry year (2012)
and one during a year with normal rainfall (2013). Samples were
analyzed in order to determine the main inorganic ions
(H\$^{+}\$, Na\$^{+}\$, NH\$_{4}\$\$^{+}\$, K\$^{+}\$,
Ca\$^{2+}\$, Mg\$^{2+}\$, Cl\$^{-}\$,
NO\$_{3}\$\$^{-}\$, e SO\$_{4}\$\$^{2-}\$). According to
the measurements, interception was 29\% and 22\%, throughfall
was 70\% and 76\% and stemflow was 1,0\% and 1,1\% of the
incident rainfall during the wet season of 2012 and 2013,
respectively. Runoff was lower than 1\% of the incident rainfall
for both periods and environments and no differences were observed
between the pasture runoff and the caatinga covered environment
runoff. Percolation was lower at the caatinga covered environment
than the pasture environment, although both represented lower than
5\% of the incident rainfall. The total ionic rainwater
composition suggested a high marine contribution. In the
throughfall it was observed the enrichment of Na\$^{+}\$ and
Cl\$^{-}\$ and the depletion of Ca\$^{2+}\$, Mg\$^{2+}\$,
SO\$_{4}\$\$^{2-}\$ and H\$^{+}\$ compared to rainfall. For
nitrogenous species no significant differences were observed in
throughfall compared to rainfall (except for
NH\$_{4}\$\$^{+}\$ in 2012). For stemflow it was observed the
enrichment of most nutrients compared to rainfall, except of
SO\$_{4}\$\$^{2-}\$ and H+. Although it was observed high
concentrations in the stemflow, deposition was low due to its low
flow. In this sense, it is possible to infer that changes in land
use and occupation can change the productivity of the ecosystem by
disrupting the nutrient conservation mechanisms through the
canopy. The results are important for the understanding of the
precipitation partition by the caatinga canopy, and the influence
of this coverage in the soil hydrological components and in the
nutrient cycling for this poorly studied area.",
committee = "Ometto, Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud (presidente) and Borma, Laura de
Simone (orientadora) and Forti, Maria Cristina (orientadora) and
Menezes, R{\^o}mulo Sim{\~o}es Cezar and Fornaro, Adalgiza",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Components of the hydrological cycle and biogeochemical cycling in
the atmosphere-plant-soil interface in brazilian semiarid",
language = "pt",
pages = "135",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3LPG2RP",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3LPG2RP",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}